Pterygium, often referred to as “surfer’s eye,” is a benign, wedge-shaped growth of the conjunctiva that extends onto the cornea. This condition typically results from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, wind, dust, and other environmental irritants. While mild cases can be managed with lubricating or anti-inflammatory eye drops, more advanced or recurrent cases may require surgical intervention to remove the pterygium.

What is Pterygium Surgery?

Surgery for pterygium involves the surgical removal of the pterygium tissue from the eye’s surface. This outpatient procedure is typically done under local anesthesia and can take between 30 minutes to an hour. The main objective of the surgery is not just cosmetic improvement, but also to relieve symptoms like redness, irritation, and blurred vision that can result from the pterygium encroaching upon the cornea.

There are a few types of surgical techniques used for pterygium removal:

Bare Sclera Technique: The pterygium is removed, leaving the white part of the eye (sclera) exposed. This method has a high recurrence rate and is rarely used alone today.

Conjunctival Autograft: The most commonly preferred method. After removing the pterygium, a piece of healthy conjunctiva from another part of the same eye is grafted over the affected area. This significantly reduces the risk of recurrence.

Amniotic Membrane Transplantation: In some cases, an amniotic membrane (harvested from placental tissue) is used as a graft. This is helpful in patients with limited healthy conjunctiva.

Why Surgery is Needed

Surgery to remove pterygium is typically recommended in the following cases:

The pterygium is growing towards the pupil and affecting vision.

Persistent discomfort, redness, or irritation despite medication.

Cosmetic concerns that impact self-esteem.

Recurrent pterygium after a previous removal.

Recovery and Aftercare

After surgery, patients may experience mild discomfort, redness, or a foreign body sensation in the eye. These symptoms usually resolve within a few days. The surgeon may prescribe antibiotic and steroid eye drops to prevent infection and reduce inflammation.

Most patients can return to normal activities within a few days, but full recovery can take a few weeks. Protective sunglasses are strongly recommended post-surgery to shield the eyes from UV rays and prevent recurrence.

Preventing Recurrence

Even with successful surgery, there is a chance that the pterygium may return. To reduce this risk:

Wear sunglasses with UV protection.

Use wide-brimmed hats when outdoors.

Avoid exposure to dusty, windy environments.

Keep the eyes lubricated with artificial tears.

Final Thoughts

Pterygium surgery is a safe and effective method to remove pterygium and restore both vision and comfort. Advances in surgical techniques, particularly conjunctival autografting, have significantly lowered recurrence rates. If you're experiencing symptoms or have a growing pterygium affecting your daily life, consult an ophthalmologist to determine whether surgery is the right option for you.